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Air traffic controllers may match up position reports provided by the aircrafts pilots, or in area of high traffic airports they may use radar to see aircrafts positions.

ATC or Air traffic control engages in communications with aircraft to assist maintain severance i.e., they make sure that aircrafts are passably far enough at a distance horizontally and vertically for no chance of collision.

There are usually four types of ATC or Air traffic control:

1) Center controls, which controls aircraft on the way between airports.

2) Control towers comprises of tower, ground control, clearance delivery, and other services, which controls aircraft within a small distance (generally within 10 to 15 km horizontally, and 1,000 meters vertically) of an airport.

3) Oceanic controls, which controls aircraft over international waters between continents, usually without radar aid.

4) Terminal controls, that handles aircraft in a wider area (typically 50-80 km) particularly in heavy traffic airports.

 

ATC is particularly essential for aircraft flying under Instrument flight rules (IFR), where they may be in weather conditions that do not allow the pilots to see other aircraft.

But, ATC are not required for the aircraft flying under Visual Flight Rules (VFR) so, the majority of VFR flights are not required to communicate with the ATC (unless they are passing through a busy aviation terminal area or using a heavy congested airport).

Besides to spacing one aircraft from other, ATC may pass weather forecasts, land separation, navigation assistance, and other required services to aircraft pilots, depending on their business.

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